Pedagogi Hikmah dan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) dalam Pendidikan Islam
Hikmah Pedagogy and Higher Order Thinking Skills in Islamic Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/attarbawiy.v4i2.45Keywords:
Pedagogi Hikmah, komuniti inkuiri, kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT), murid, kemahiran berfikir aras rendahAbstract
Students with Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) are one of the aspirations of the Ministry of Education in Malaysia. This thinking skill has become a requisite skill for a millennial student. Nevertheless, HOTS is a skill that is non-existent among the pupils and to attain HOTS, drills and effective approaches are required. ‘Pedagogi Hikmah’ is a philosophical inquiry-based tool that can help to improve HOTS. Implementing ‘Pedagogi Hikmah’ and HOTS can refine creative thinking of the pupils as it enhances their ability to engage in meaningful discussions regarding what they are learning. This inquiry discussion also provides the opportunity for the pupils to critically listen and reason with other pupils grounded on their own values, experiences and prior knowledge. Data observation were recorded 3 times throughout the teaching and learning sessions on the implementation of ‘Pedagogi Hikmah’ with 29 studends. The study found that students involved in ‘Pedagogi Hikmah’ showed positive feedbacks in portraying HOTS in their learning, in and out of the classroom. There were different levels of questions posed by students in sessions PH01, PH02 and PH03. Significant increase in the difficulty level of the questions presented by the students indicates they were more likely to propose HOTS questions in PH03 session observation. The pupils were able to solve problems, explore and investigate in Islamic Education using ‘Pedagogi Hikmah’. The results clearly honoured HOTS where the students now obtained the ability to reason effectively and adapt it to their daily lives. Students will also have the opportunity to experience and explore their friends’ variety of thinking as well as embracing the cultural diversity of the community. If this ‘Pedagogi Hikmah’ and HOTS made as a platform in education, evidently, our society will advance in the way of thinking and consequently, generating pupils that can realize the Malaysian Education Development Plan 2013-2025.
Abstrak
Murid yang mempunyai kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) merupakan satu aspirasi Kementerian Pendidikan di Malaysia. Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi ini sudah menjadi kehendak yang perlu ada dalam diri seorang murid alaf ini. Namun, kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi ini bukanlah kemahiran sedia ada dalam diri murid tetapi memerlukan latihan dan pendekatan berkesan bagi mengasah kemahiran ini. Pedagogi Hikmah merupakan alat berfikir secara inkuiri falsafah yang boleh mengasah kemahiran berfikir. Pelaksanaan Pedagogi Hikmah dan KBAT ini dapat mengembangkan daya pemikiran kreatif murid kerana meningkatkan keupayaan menaakul semasa perbincangan yang mencari makna tentang apa yang dipelajari dalam Pendidikan Islam. Perbincangan yang bercirikan inkuiri ini juga memberi peluang kepada murid dalam berhujah dengan kritis dan mendengar pandangan rakan lain berdasarkan nilai dan pengalaman kendiri. Data pemerhatian telah direkodkan sepanjang sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) Pendidikan Islam menggunakan Pedagogi Hikmah sebanyak tiga kali melibatkan 29 orang murid tahun 5. Hasil kajian mendapati murid yang terlibat dalam Pedagogi Hikmah ini menunjukkan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi yang positif dalam menaakul pembelajaran dalam dan luar bilik darjah. Terdapat perbezaan aras soalan yang dikemukakan murid pada sesi PH01, PH02 dan PH03. Perbezaan ketara menunjukkan murid lebih banyak mengemukakan soalan aras tinggi pada data pemerhatian PH03. Murid mampu menyelesaikan masalah, penerokaan dan penyiasatan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam menggunakan Pedagogi Hikmah. Hal ini jelas mengasah kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi apabila murid dapat menaakul dengan berkesan dan diadaptasi dalam kehidupan seharian mereka. Murid juga mendapat peluang dalam merasai pengalaman dan meneliti kepelbagaian daya berfikir rakan yang lain, seterusnya menerima kepelbagaian budaya dalam masyarakat. Jika Pedagogi Hikmah dan KBAT ini dijadikan platform dalam pendidikan, semestinya masyarakat kita akan berubah cara berfikir dan melahirkan murid yang merealisasi Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025.
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